Care must be taken when attending to patients with dementia, who might perceive care as a threat. A person-centered approach has been effective in decreasing aggressive behavior in dementia patients (Enmarker, Olsen, & Hellzen, 2011). The treatment of behavioral disturbances, including aggressive behavior, in patients with dementia often involves pharmacotherapy with atypical antipsychotic medications. Equivalent non-pharmacological treatments may include behavior modification techniques to help patients learn non-aggressive strategies for communicating. Observing early interactions that escalate to aggressive behavior in a person of risk can also be important. A study by Landreville and colleagues (2006) reviewed the effectiveness of different non-pharmacological techniques.
Review Questions
- In cases where no clear source is evident, a time-sensitive search for infection takes precedence.
- The 2023 ACEP policy statement recommends the use of ketamine for sedation of agitated patients in the emergency department, as emergency physicians are already familiar with its use and capable of managing potential complications.
- Researchers surveyed 175 young adults who mixed alcohol with caffeinated energy drinks about their verbal and physical aggression in bar conflicts.
- Common effects observed in sexually abused boys include preoccupation with their sexual identity and inappropriate attempts to reassert their masculinity through aggressive and antisocial behavior (Watkins & Bentovim, 1992; Wellman, 1993).
Known in which stage of intoxication does an individual become aggressive disadvantages of this combination include geriatric oversedation, slower onset, prolonged QT interval, ataxia, EPS, and additive central nervous system depression. Organic causes of agitation are linked to physiological or medical conditions affecting the brain or body. In both data sets, there was a strong relationship between the man’s and woman’s alcohol consumption during the assault; the standardized beta was 0.81 in the perpetrators’ analyses and 0.67 in the victims’ analyses.
Can addiction be treated successfully?
- Half of this dose should be administered over the first 15 minutes and the remaining over the next 45 minutes; for example, if the reversal dose was 1.2 mg, then the first hour dose would be 0.8 mg, and 0.4 mg would be administered through infusion in the first 15 minutes.
- Clinicians should carefully evaluate for subtle changes in baseline activities or exposures, including new medications, food intake, travel, environmental or occupational exposures, and recreational drug use.
- Aggressive behavior directed toward caregivers or healthcare professionals tends to be precipitated by personal care-related events.
- The earliest observational studies of amphetamine psychosis described predominant symptoms including paranoid ideation, ideas of reference, delusions of persecution, auditory and visual hallucinations 26,27.
Freud suggested that fixations at this point could lead to adult personalities that are overly vain, exhibitionistic, and sexually aggressive. Freud theorized that unresolved conflicts during this stage could potentially lead to future issues such as sexual dysfunction, problems with gender identity, or difficulties in forming relationships. Unresolved conflicts or issues during this stage can lead to problems later on, such as excessive cleanliness, stubbornness, or a need for control. During the anal stage, the libido becomes focused on the anus, and the child derives great pleasure from defecating. We see oral personalities around us, such as smokers, nail-biters, over-eaters, and thumb-suckers.
4. Prospective studies of sexual assault victimization
There are also a reversed sleep/wake pattern and visual hallucinations together with misperceptions, persecutory delusions, incoherent speech and bizarre, disruptive and injurious behaviour. The delirious patient may be either overactive or underactive and there is always, by definition, an underlying medical cause (which might be infective, metabolic, inflammatory, toxic, neoplastic etc). Fishbain and Wetli what is alcoholism appropriated the term ‘excited delirium’ from ZJ Lipowski’s chapter on organic disorders in Kaplan, Freedman and Sadock’s standard three volume Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (Lipowski, 1980). He would have had in mind the feverish, confused and fearful elderly patient, who might be picking at the bed clothes or repeatedly trying to get out of his or her sick bed (American Psychiatric Association, 2000, p. 136), not the wild and violent intoxicated young body packer in Miami.
Theoretical explanations for the relationship between alcohol and sexual assault
During the oral stages, the baby gets much satisfaction from putting all sorts of things in its mouth to satisfy the libido. Both frustration and overindulgence (or any combination of the two) may lead to what psychoanalysts call fixation at a particular psychosexual stage. Or, possibly, the person’s needs may have been so well satisfied that he/she is reluctant to leave the psychological benefits of a particular stage in which there is overindulgence. In describing human personality development as psychosexual, Freud meant to convey that what develops is the way in which sexual energy of the id accumulates and is discharged as we mature biologically.
- It has also sent unsolicited materials to a US medical examiner when an in-custody death occurred in his jurisdiction.
- Finally, Su et al. (26) in a cross-sectional study among 1,685 abstinent methamphetamine users in China found that 17.0% had MIP.
SIRS is diagnosed when ≥2 specific criteria—alterations in temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, or white blood cell count—are present. While SIRS may arise from noninfectious causes, when accompanied by a suspected infection, it is defined as sepsis. The most severe form, septic shock, involves persistent circulatory and metabolic dysfunction despite resuscitation. While Freud’s theory implied that being gay was a deviation from his views of normal psychosexual development, contemporary psychologists believe that sexual orientation is primarily influenced by biological factors. Unlike many thinkers of his time, Freud was unconvinced that homosexuality represented a pathology.